真实世界的Haskell（影印版）
Bryan O'Sullivan, John Goerzen, Don Stewart 著
出版时间：2009年12月
页数：670
《真实世界的Haskell》是一本上手快且易于使用的指导书，它向你介绍这门日趋流行的编程语言。你将学习如何将Haskell应用于不同实践当中，从简短的脚本到要求苛刻的大型应用。本书向你讲解了函数式编程的基础，帮助你加深对如何在现实世界中应用Haskell的理解，例如输入/输出性能、数据处理、并发等等。
《真实世界的Haskell》能帮助你：
* 理解过程式与函数式编程之间的差异
* 学习Haskell的特性，以及如何使用它来开发有用的程序
* 与文件系统、数据库和网络服务交互
* 编写可以进行自动测试、代码覆盖和错误处理的代码
* 通过并发和并行编程发挥多核系统的威力
在本书中你将发现大量的实用习题和真实的Haskell程序示例，你可以修改、编译及运行它们。无论是否曾经使用过函数式语言，如果想要了解Haskell为何成为众多组织所选用的实用语言，《真实世界的Haskell》是你的首选。
“现代软件的最大问题在于性能、模块化、可靠性和并发性。在《真实世界的Haskell》中，作者很好地讲授了如何使用Haskell这一超前于当今主流的语言，来逐一化解这些问题。”
——Tim Sweeney，Epic Games创始人，同时也是Unreal游戏引擎设计者
“这是第一本涵盖了现实世界程序员所需一切技术的书籍。当读罢此书，你将能够用当前所钟爱的语言写出更优秀的代码。”
──Simon Peyton Jones，Microsoft Research
Haskell语言架构师，Glasgow Haskell编译器设计者
《真实世界的Haskell》能帮助你：
* 理解过程式与函数式编程之间的差异
* 学习Haskell的特性，以及如何使用它来开发有用的程序
* 与文件系统、数据库和网络服务交互
* 编写可以进行自动测试、代码覆盖和错误处理的代码
* 通过并发和并行编程发挥多核系统的威力
在本书中你将发现大量的实用习题和真实的Haskell程序示例，你可以修改、编译及运行它们。无论是否曾经使用过函数式语言，如果想要了解Haskell为何成为众多组织所选用的实用语言，《真实世界的Haskell》是你的首选。
“现代软件的最大问题在于性能、模块化、可靠性和并发性。在《真实世界的Haskell》中，作者很好地讲授了如何使用Haskell这一超前于当今主流的语言，来逐一化解这些问题。”
——Tim Sweeney，Epic Games创始人，同时也是Unreal游戏引擎设计者
“这是第一本涵盖了现实世界程序员所需一切技术的书籍。当读罢此书，你将能够用当前所钟爱的语言写出更优秀的代码。”
──Simon Peyton Jones，Microsoft Research
Haskell语言架构师，Glasgow Haskell编译器设计者
- Preface
- 1. Getting Started
- Your Haskell Environment
- Getting Started with ghci, the Interpreter
- Basic Interaction: Using ghci as a Calculator
- Simple Arithmetic
- An Arithmetic Quirk: Writing Negative Numbers
- Boolean Logic, Operators, and Value Comparisons
- Operator Precedence and Associativity
- Undefined Values, and Introducing Variables
- Dealing with Precedence and Associativity Rules
- Command-Line Editing in ghci
- Lists
- Operators on Lists
- Strings and Characters
- First Steps with Types
- A Simple Program
- 2. Types and Functions
- Why Care About Types?
- Haskell’s Type System
- Strong Types
- Static Types
- Type Inference
- What to Expect from the Type System
- Some Common Basic Types
- Function Application
- Useful Composite Data Types: Lists and Tuples
- Functions over Lists and Tuples
- Passing an Expression to a Function
- Function Types and Purity
- Haskell Source Files, and Writing Simple Functions
- Just What Is a Variable, Anyway?
- Conditional Evaluation
- Understanding Evaluation by Example
- Lazy Evaluation
- A More Involved Example
- Recursion
- Ending the Recursion
- Returning from the Recursion
- What Have We Learned?
- Polymorphism in Haskell
- Reasoning About Polymorphic Functions
- Further Reading
- The Type of a Function of More Than One Argument
- Why the Fuss over Purity?
- Conclusion
- 3. Defining Types, Streamlining Functions
- Defining a New Data Type
- Naming Types and Values
- Type Synonyms
- Algebraic Data Types
- Tuples, Algebraic Data Types, and When to Use Each
- Analogues to Algebraic Data Types in Other Languages
- Pattern Matching
- Construction and Deconstruction
- Further Adventures
- Variable Naming in Patterns
- The Wild Card Pattern
- Exhaustive Patterns and Wild Cards
- Record Syntax
- Parameterized Types
- Recursive Types
- Reporting Errors
- A More Controlled Approach
- Introducing Local Variables
- Shadowing
- The where Clause
- Local Functions, Global Variables
- The Offside Rule and Whitespace in an Expression
- A Note About Tabs Versus Spaces
- The Offside Rule Is Not Mandatory
- The case Expression
- Common Beginner Mistakes with Patterns
- Incorrectly Matching Against a Variable
- Incorrectly Trying to Compare for Equality
- Conditional Evaluation with Guards
- 4. Functional Programming
- Thinking in Haskell
- A Simple Command-Line Framework
- Warming Up: Portably Splitting Lines of Text
- A Line-Ending Conversion Program
- Infix Functions
- Working with Lists
- Basic List Manipulation
- Safely and Sanely Working with Crashy Functions
- Partial and Total Functions
- More Simple List Manipulations
- Working with Sublists
- Searching Lists
- Working with Several Lists at Once
- Special String-Handling Functions
- How to Think About Loops
- Explicit Recursion
- Transforming Every Piece of Input
- Mapping over a List
- Selecting Pieces of Input
- Computing One Answer over a Collection
- The Left Fold
- Why Use Folds, Maps, and Filters?
- Folding from the Right
- Left Folds, Laziness, and Space Leaks
- Further Reading
- Anonymous (lambda) Functions
- Partial Function Application and Currying
- Sections
- As-patterns
- Code Reuse Through Composition
- Use Your Head Wisely
- Tips for Writing Readable Code
- Space Leaks and Strict Evaluation
- Avoiding Space Leaks with seq
- Learning to Use seq
- 5. Writing a Library: Working with JSON Data
- A Whirlwind Tour of JSON
- Representing JSON Data in Haskell
- The Anatomy of a Haskell Module
- Compiling Haskell Source
- Generating a Haskell Program and Importing Modules
- Printing JSON Data
- Type Inference Is a Double-Edged Sword
- A More General Look at Rendering
- Developing Haskell Code Without Going Nuts
- Pretty Printing a String
- Arrays and Objects, and the Module Header
- Writing a Module Header
- Fleshing Out the Pretty-Printing Library
- Compact Rendering
- True Pretty Printing
- Following the Pretty Printer
- Creating a Package
- Writing a Package Description
- GHC’s Package Manager
- Setting Up, Building, and Installing
- Practical Pointers and Further Reading
- 6. Using Typeclasses
- The Need for Typeclasses
- What Are Typeclasses?
- Declaring Typeclass Instances
- Important Built-in Typeclasses
- Show
- Read
- Serialization with read and show
- Numeric Types
- Equality, Ordering, and Comparisons
- Automatic Derivation
- Typeclasses at Work: Making JSON Easier to Use
- More Helpful Errors
- Making an Instance with a Type Synonym
- Living in an Open World
- When Do Overlapping Instances Cause Problems?
- Relaxing Some Restrictions on Typeclasses
- How Does Show Work for Strings?
- How to Give a Type a New Identity
- Differences Between Data and Newtype Declarations
- Summary: The Three Ways of Naming Types
- JSON Typeclasses Without Overlapping Instances
- The Dreaded Monomorphism Restriction
- Conclusion
- 7. I/O
- Classic I/O in Haskell
- Pure Versus I/O
- Why Purity Matters
- Working with Files and Handles
- More on openFile
- Closing Handles
- Seek and Tell
- Standard Input, Output, and Error
- Deleting and Renaming Files
- Temporary Files
- Extended Example: Functional I/O and Temporary Files
- Lazy I/O
- hGetContents
- readFile and writeFile
- A Word on Lazy Output
- interact
- The IO Monad
- Actions
- Sequencing
- The True Nature of Return
- Is Haskell Really Imperative?
- Side Effects with Lazy I/O
- Buffering
- Buffering Modes
- Flushing The Buffer
- Reading Command-Line Arguments
- Environment Variables
- 8. Efficient File Processing, Regular Expressions, and Filename Matching
- Efficient File Processing
- Binary I/O and Qualified Imports
- Text I/O
- Filename Matching
- Regular Expressions in Haskell
- The Many Types of Result
- More About Regular Expressions
- Mixing and Matching String Types
- Other Things You Should Know
- Translating a glob Pattern into a Regular Expression
- An important Aside: Writing Lazy Functions
- Making Use of Our Pattern Matcher
- Handling Errors Through API Design
- Putting Our Code to Work
- 9. I/O Case Study: A Library for Searching the Filesystem
- The find Command
- Starting Simple: Recursively Listing a Directory
- Revisiting Anonymous and Named Functions
- Why Provide Both mapM and forM?
- A Naive Finding Function
- Predicates: From Poverty to Riches, While Remaining Pure
- Sizing a File Safely
- The Acquire-Use-Release Cycle
- A Domain-Specific Language for Predicates
- Avoiding Boilerplate with Lifting
- Gluing Predicates Together
- Defining and Using New Operators
- Controlling Traversal
- Density, Readability, and the Learning Process
- Another Way of Looking at Traversal
- Useful Coding Guidelines
- Common Layout Styles
- 10. Code Case Study: Parsing a Binary Data Format
- Grayscale Files
- Parsing a Raw PGM File
- Getting Rid of Boilerplate Code
- Implicit State
- The Identity Parser
- Record Syntax, Updates, and Pattern Matching
- A More Interesting Parser
- Obtaining and Modifying the Parse State
- Reporting Parse Errors
- Chaining Parsers Together
- Introducing Functors
- Constraints on Type Definitions Are Bad
- Infix Use of fmap
- Flexible Instances
- Thinking More About Functors
- Writing a Functor Instance for Parse
- Using Functors for Parsing
- Rewriting Our PGM Parser
- Future Directions
- 11. Testing and Quality Assurance
- QuickCheck: Type-Based Testing
- Testing for Properties
- Testing Against a Model
- Testing Case Study: Specifying a Pretty Printer
- Generating Test Data
- Testing Document Construction
- Using Lists as a Model
- Putting It All Together
- Measuring Test Coverage with HPC
- 12. Barcode Recognition
- A Little Bit About Barcodes
- EAN-13 Encoding
- Introducing Arrays
- Arrays and Laziness
- Folding over Arrays
- Modifying Array Elements
- Encoding an EAN-13 Barcode
- Constraints on Our Decoder
- Divide and Conquer
- Turning a Color Image into Something Tractable
- Parsing a Color Image
- Grayscale Conversion
- Grayscale to Binary and Type Safety
- What Have We Done to Our Image?
- Finding Matching Digits
- Run Length Encoding
- Scaling Run Lengths, and Finding Approximate Matches
- List Comprehensions
- Remembering a Match’s Parity
- Chunking a List
- Generating a List of Candidate Digits
- Life Without Arrays or Hash Tables
- A Forest of Solutions
- A Brief Introduction to Maps
- Further Reading
- Turning Digit Soup into an Answer
- Solving for Check Digits in Parallel
- Completing the Solution Map with the First Digit
- Finding the Correct Sequence
- Working with Row Data
- Pulling It All Together
- A Few Comments on Development Style
- 13. Data Structures
- Association Lists
- Maps
- Functions Are Data, Too
- Extended Example: /etc/passwd
- Extended Example: Numeric Types
- First Steps
- Completed Code
- Taking Advantage of Functions as Data
- Turning Difference Lists into a Proper Library
- Lists, Difference Lists, and Monoids
- General-Purpose Sequences
- 14. Monads
- Revisiting Earlier Code Examples
- Maybe Chaining
- Implicit State
- Looking for Shared Patterns
- The Monad Typeclass
- And Now, a Jargon Moment
- Using a New Monad: Show Your Work!
- Information Hiding
- Controlled Escape
- Leaving a Trace
- Using the Logger Monad
- Mixing Pure and Monadic Code
- Putting a Few Misconceptions to Rest
- Building the Logger Monad
- Sequential Logging, Not Sequential Evaluation
- The Writer Monad
- The Maybe Monad
- Executing the Maybe Monad
- Maybe at Work, and Good API Design
- The List Monad
- Understanding the List Monad
- Putting the List Monad to Work
- Desugaring of do Blocks
- Monads as a Programmable Semicolon
- Why Go Sugar-Free?
- The State Monad
- Almost a State Monad
- Reading and Modifying the State
- Will the Real State Monad Please Stand Up?
- Using the State Monad: Generating Random Values
- A First Attempt at Purity
- Random Values in the State Monad
- Running the State Monad
- What About a Bit More State?
- Monads and Functors
- Another Way of Looking at Monads
- The Monad Laws and Good Coding Style
- 15. Programming with Monads
- Golfing Practice: Association Lists
- Generalized Lifting
- Looking for Alternatives
- The Name mplus Does Not Imply Addition
- Rules for Working with MonadPlus
- Failing Safely with MonadPlus
- Adventures in Hiding the Plumbing
- Supplying Random Numbers
- Another Round of Golf
- Separating Interface from Implementation
- Multiparameter Typeclasses
- Functional Dependencies
- Rounding Out Our Module
- Programming to a Monad’s Interface
- The Reader Monad
- A Return to Automated Deriving
- Hiding the IO Monad
- Using a newtype
- Designing for Unexpected Uses
- Using Typeclasses
- Isolation and Testing
- The Writer Monad and Lists
- Arbitrary I/O Revisited
- 16. Using Parsec
- First Steps with Parsec: Simple CSV Parsing
- The sepBy and endBy Combinators
- Choices and Errors
- Lookahead
- Error Handling
- Extended Example: Full CSV Parser
- Parsec and MonadPlus
- Parsing a URL-Encoded Query String
- Supplanting Regular Expressions for Casual Parsing
- Parsing Without Variables
- Applicative Functors for Parsing
- Applicative Parsing by Example
- Parsing JSON Data
- Parsing a HTTP Request
- Backtracking and Its Discontents
- Parsing Headers
- 17. Interfacing with C: The FFI
- Foreign Language Bindings: The Basics
- Be Careful of Side Effects
- A High-Level Wrapper
- Regular Expressions for Haskell: A Binding for PCRE
- Simple Tasks: Using the C Preprocessor
- Binding Haskell to C with hsc2hs
- Adding Type Safety to PCRE
- Binding to Constants
- Automating the Binding
- Passing String Data Between Haskell and C
- Typed Pointers
- Memory Management: Let the Garbage Collector Do the Work
- A High-Level Interface: Marshaling Data
- Marshaling ByteStrings
- Allocating Local C Data: The Storable Class
- Putting It All Together
- Matching on Strings
- Extracting Information About the Pattern
- Pattern Matching with Substrings
- The Real Deal: Compiling and Matching Regular Expressions
- 18. Monad Transformers
- Motivation: Boilerplate Avoidance
- A Simple Monad Transformer Example
- Common Patterns in Monads and Monad Transformers
- Stacking Multiple Monad Transformers
- Hiding Our Work
- Moving Down the Stack
- When Explicit Lifting Is Necessary
- Understanding Monad Transformers by Building One
- Creating a Monad Transformer
- More Typeclass Instances
- Replacing the Parse Type with a Monad Stack
- Transformer Stacking Order Is Important
- Putting Monads and Monad Transformers into Perspective
- Interference with Pure Code
- Overdetermined Ordering
- Runtime Overhead
- Unwieldy Interfaces
- Pulling It All Together
- 19. Error Handling
- Error Handling with Data Types
- Use of Maybe
- Use of Either
- Exceptions
- First Steps with Exceptions
- Laziness and Exception Handling
- Using handle
- Selective Handling of Exceptions
- I/O Exceptions
- Throwing Exceptions
- Dynamic Exceptions
- Error Handling in Monads
- A Tiny Parsing Framework
- 20. Systems Programming in Haskell
- Running External Programs
- Directory and File Information
- Program Termination
- Dates and Times
- ClockTime and CalendarTime
- File Modification Times
- Extended Example: Piping
- Using Pipes for Redirection
- Better Piping
- Final Words on Pipes
- 21. Using Databases
- Overview of HDBC
- Installing HDBC and Drivers
- Connecting to Databases
- Transactions
- Simple Queries
- SqlValue
- Query Parameters
- Prepared Statements
- Reading Results
- Reading with Statements
- Lazy Reading
- Database Metadata
- Error Handling
- 22. Extended Example: Web Client Programming
- Basic Types
- The Database
- The Parser
- Downloading
- Main Program
- 23. GUI Programming with gtk2hs
- Installing gtk2hs
- Overview of the GTK+ Stack
- User Interface Design with Glade
- Glade Concepts
- Event-Driven Programming
- Initializing the GUI
- The Add Podcast Window
- Long-Running Tasks
- Using Cabal
- 24. Concurrent and Multicore Programming
- Defining Concurrency and Parallelism
- Concurrent Programming with Threads
- Threads Are Nondeterministic
- Hiding Latency
- Simple Communication Between Threads
- The Main Thread and Waiting for Other Threads
- Safely Modifying an MVar
- Safe Resource Management: A Good Idea, and Easy Besides
- Finding the Status of a Thread
- Writing Tighter Code
- Communicating over Channels
- Useful Things to Know About
- MVar and Chan Are Nonstrict
- Chan Is Unbounded
- Shared-State Concurrency Is Still Hard
- Deadlock
- Starvation
- Is There Any Hope?
- Using Multiple Cores with GHC
- Runtime Options
- Finding the Number of Available Cores from Haskell
- Choosing the Right Runtime
- Parallel Programming in Haskell
- Normal Form and Head Normal Form
- Sequential Sorting
- Transforming Our Code into Parallel Code
- Knowing What to Evaluate in Parallel
- What Promises Does par Make?
- Running Our Code and Measuring Performance
- Tuning for Performance
- Parallel Strategies and MapReduce
- Separating Algorithm from Evaluation
- Separating Algorithm from Strategy
- Writing a Simple MapReduce Definition
- MapReduce and Strategies
- Sizing Work Appropriately
- Efficiently Finding Line-Aligned Chunks
- Counting Lines
- Finding the Most Popular URLs
- Conclusions
- 25. Profiling and Optimization
- Profiling Haskell Programs
- Collecting Runtime Statistics
- Time Profiling
- Space Profiling
- Controlling Evaluation
- Strictness and Tail Recursion
- Adding Strictness
- Understanding Core
- Advanced Techniques: Fusion
- Tuning the Generated Assembly
- Conclusions
- 26. Advanced Library Design: Building a Bloom Filter
- Introducing the Bloom Filter
- Use Cases and Package Layout
- Basic Design
- Unboxing, Lifting, and Bottom
- The ST Monad
- Designing an API for Qualified Import
- Creating a Mutable Bloom Filter
- The Immutable API
- Creating a Friendly Interface
- Re-Exporting Names for Convenience
- Hashing Values
- Turning Two Hashes into Many
- Implementing the Easy Creation Function
- Creating a Cabal Package
- Dealing with Different Build Setups
- Compilation Options and Interfacing to C
- Testing with QuickCheck
- Polymorphic Testing
- Writing Arbitrary Instances for ByteStrings
- Are Suggested Sizes Correct?
- Performance Analysis and Tuning
- Profile-Driven Performance Tuning
- 27. Sockets and Syslog
- Basic Networking
- Communicating with UDP
- UDP Client Example: syslog
- UDP Syslog Server
- Communicating with TCP
- Handling Multiple TCP Streams
- TCP Syslog Server
- TCP Syslog Client
- 28. Software Transactional Memory
- The Basics
- Some Simple Examples
- STM and Safety
- Retrying a Transaction
- What Happens When We Retry?
- Choosing Between Alternatives
- Using Higher Order Code with Transactions
- I/O and STM
- Communication Between Threads
- A Concurrent Web Link Checker
- Checking a Link
- Worker Threads
- Finding Links
- Command-Line Parsing
- Pattern Guards
- Practical Aspects of STM
- Getting Comfortable with Giving Up Control
- Using Invariants
- A. Installing GHC and Haskell Libraries
- B. Characters, Strings, and Escaping Rules
- Index
书名：真实世界的Haskell（影印版）
作者：Bryan O'Sullivan, John Goerzen, Don Stewart 著
国内出版社：东南大学出版社
出版时间：2009年12月
页数：670
书号：978-7-5641-1925-6
原版书出版商：O'Reilly Media
The animal on the cover of Real World Haskell is a rhinoceros beetle, a species of scarab
beetle. Relative to their size, rhinoceros beetles are among the strongest animals on the
planet. They can lift up to 850 times their own weight. The average rhino beetle found
in the U.S. is about an inch long, but they can grow as long as seven inches.
Rhino beetles have horns on their heads, resembling that of the rhinoceros, hence the
name. The size of their horns is related to how much nutrition they had in larva. In
some species, the horns are longer than the bodies, and they can grow as many as four
or five horns. They use the horns for digging, as well as for fighting for territory and
mates.
Rhino beetles thrive on sap and rotting fruit, specifically bananas, apples, and oranges.
Their larvae, which takes between 3–5 years to mature, eat decaying wood, compost,
and dead leaves—a kind of recycling for the environment.
beetle. Relative to their size, rhinoceros beetles are among the strongest animals on the
planet. They can lift up to 850 times their own weight. The average rhino beetle found
in the U.S. is about an inch long, but they can grow as long as seven inches.
Rhino beetles have horns on their heads, resembling that of the rhinoceros, hence the
name. The size of their horns is related to how much nutrition they had in larva. In
some species, the horns are longer than the bodies, and they can grow as many as four
or five horns. They use the horns for digging, as well as for fighting for territory and
mates.
Rhino beetles thrive on sap and rotting fruit, specifically bananas, apples, and oranges.
Their larvae, which takes between 3–5 years to mature, eat decaying wood, compost,
and dead leaves—a kind of recycling for the environment.
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